Livestock production has increased twofold in the last 50 years, and this trend will continue in the near future. Intensification through the genetics, feeding and management improvements is behind this livestock boom. This intensification process has broken the link between animal feed production regions and livestock production areas worldwide. Moreover, most of this productive increase is driven by monogastric animals (pigs and poultry) who directly compete with humans for feed resources. Global consequences of this productive model in future must be discussed, considering food security, environmental impacts, climate change scenarios and social aspects.